Solvent extraction acts as a purification and concentration technique at the same time. Extraction separation of copper and cobalt dependent on. Epa 530r94031 ntis pb94200979 technical resource document extraction and beneficiation of ores and minerals volume 4 copper august 1994 u. For direct or post solvent extraction copper electrowinning design, key theoretical considerations include current. In the first step, called extraction step, metal is extracted from aqueous phase by organic phase. The meal is subsequently dried and cooled for bagging. In the second step, called stripping step, metal is recovered from organic phase. The blister copper is tapped into a ladle and poured directly into one of three small reverberatory furnaces. In the present paper, the study of solvent extraction of copper ii from sulphate and nitrate media with di2ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid in chloroform is carried out. This technique depends upon the selective dissolving of one or more constituents of the solution into a suitable immiscible liquid solvent.
Previous research showed that the metal chloride salts of zincii, manganeseii and ironiii can be recovered by solvent extraction using a sustainable and renewable fatty acid based ionic liquid as the extractant. Pdf growing role of solvent extraction in copper ores. Solvent extraction the sx circuit consists of 4 four mixersettler units. Solvent extraction of copper, nickel and zinc by cyanex 272. The influences of extractant content, aqueous ph value. Solvent extraction applied to mixed copper and zinc bearing materials by c. Ammonia leaching of sulfide copper concentrates generate buffer type liquors ph ranges from 9 to 10, because of the excess of ammonia and significant amount of ammonia sulfate as a leaching agent. The influences of extractant content, aqueous ph value, phase ratio and equilibration time on metals extraction were studied. Pure copper metal is mostly produced from these ores by concentration, smelting, and refining. Solvent extraction and separation of copper and zinc from a. Here the copper is extracted away from the aqueous phase leaving behind most of the impurities that were in the leach solution. As an operating procedure this process was initiated during the war years as part of the atomic energy effort. About 80% of the worlds copper fromore is produced by concentrationsmelting refining of sulfide ores. Evaluation of copper solventextraction circuit data and.
Concentration of the copper ii sulfate solution by solvent extraction. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Separating the platinum group metals by liquid liquid ext raction new process has potential economic advantages over conventional selective precipitation by p. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. For cement copper production freight and smelting charges alone usually exceed this figure. A variety of solvent extraction reagents have been investigated for the recovery of copper ions from pregnant leach solutions. Dissolution of copper from ore in sulfuric acid solvent, collection of solvent for cementation or solvent extraction remove copper from pregnant ieachate and remove some impurities remove copper from pregnantieachate and produce an electrolyte with sufficient copper content foreiectrowinning recover copper from the loaded electrolyte. Copper recovery using leachsolvent extractionelectrowinning. Generally, copper extraction follows the sequence see figure below. Solvent extraction is one of the most common and important methods for separation and purification of many elements. Today the metallurgist can select the best reagent or reagent blend for hisher leach liquor, plant. Solvent extraction of copper has been explored in a microfluidic chip. Solvent extraction is a process which involves extracting oil from oilbearing materials by treating it with a low boiler solvent as opposed to extracting the oils by mechanical pressing methods such as expellers, hydraulic presses, etc.
If possible blend ore from mine to achieve a more constant grade. How hydrometallurgy and the sxew process made copper the. It is found that the extraction of both the metals remained the same over the range of ph studied. Solvent extraction of copper, nickel and zinc by cyanex 272 article pdf available in international journal of physical sciences 72012. Extraction of copper mining, concentration, smelting. Many of these projects will utilize an agitation leach followed by solvent extraction and electrowinning to recover both copper and cobalt.
This paper discusses the recovery of gold, silver, palladium, and copper from endoflife printed circuit boards of computers and mobile phones. Separating the platinum group metals by liquidliquid. The percentage of copper in the actual ore is too low for direct extraction of copper to be viable. Heap leaching of oxide copper ores and cathode copper recovery by solvent extraction sx and electrowinning ew has been well established as a primary lowcost hydrometallurgical copper recovery method. The solvent extraction of copper and zinc from the bioleaching solutions of lowgrade sulfide ores with lix984 and d2ehpa was investigated. Liquidliquid extraction, mostly used in analysis, is a technique in which a solution is brought into contact with a second solvent. The experiment serves as a model of an important modern industrial process that combines aspects of organicinorganic synthesis and analysis. However, what is not shown is the role of the chloride in the system.
Reagent improvements have led the way, but they have been accompanied by innovations in leaching and improvements in electrowinning. Since it is common for the copper solvent extraction plant to supply feed electrolyte to an electrowinning plant, it is useful to combine the operating costs for the two plants when comparing costs of copper recovery by solvent extraction techniques with those for cementation. Separation of copper ii with solvent extraction using lauric acid diluted in benzene. Solvent extraction studies of copper and zinc have been carried out using versatic 10 acid and cyanex 272 separately from a model brass pickle liquor. The flowsheet route for copper is fairly well established while the processing options for cobalt vary considerably depending. If the henrys law constant of the analyte solute is less than the henrys law constant of the solvent, the solute is nonvolatile in the solvent and the solute. With innovative products, global field support and industry leading technical expertise, basf mining solutions provides sustainable solutions which increase productivity, recovery and flexibility throughout the mining operations including leaching, solvent extraction, flotation, solidliquid separation and tailings management.
Solvent extraction is a frequently used technology in hydrometallurgy. Pdf solvent extraction of copper, nickel and zinc by. Concentration of the copper ii sulphate solution by solvent extraction. Basfs broad range includes aldoxime and ketoxime extractants and incorporates blends formulated to specific customer needs operational challenges. There is considerable interest in the extraction separation of copper, nickel, and cobalt in the ammoniacal liquors. Our interest is to illustrate the effect of the ionic strength of the aqueous sulphate and nitrate media on the extraction of copper ii and also to see if the. The adaptation of the solvent extraction process to the metallurgical industry has been extremely slow up until recent years. Previous research showed that the metal chloride salts of zincii, manganeseii and ironiii can be recovered by solvent extraction using a sustainable and renewable fatty. Introduction the most important operation in hydrometallurgy is leaching of properly prepared.
Included in this report is background information regarding the kinsevere project, the principles and processes involved in solvent extraction and electrowinning for copper extraction, and the electrical connection scheme being implemented. Pdf preconcentration and separation of copper ii with. Introduction during the last two decades the copper leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning lxsxew process has become an important option in the production of copper from lowgrade oxidized ore. Extraction of copper at elevated feed concentrations. It is a liquidliquid extraction process used to purify and concentrate solutions obtained from the leaching of ores. Students are tasked to prepare a salicylaldoxime ligand and samples of the corresponding copper and nickel complexes, before. With innovative products, global field support and industry leading technical expertise, basf mining solutions provides sustainable solutions which increase productivity, recovery and flexibility throughout the mining operations including leaching, solvent extraction. The conversion of copper consists of a series of physical and electrochemical processes. The henrys law constant can be used to determine which extraction techniques are appropriate according to solute volatility from solution. Solvent extraction design consideration for the tati.
For the experimental conditions studied, cyanex 272 showed a good recovery of zn after the stripping stage using h2so4. Separation of copper and nickel by solvent extraction. For examples, one plant used an aldoximeketoxime blend of 5545 when the ph of the leach liquor was 1. Find details about the methods and significance of this type of extraction.
Solvent extraction has always proved itself very helpful as a recovery method for many components. Copper recovery using leachsolvent extractionelectrowinning technology 65 figure 2 and a catalytic amount of lix 63, was introduced in 19657 and in march 1968 the first commercial copper lsxew operation, the bluebird plan of ranchers exploration and development corporation, came on line1. This is true in most process applications, and very much so in the copper extraction plant being developed in kinsevere. What is solvent extraction and why is it important. Selective separation of copper and nickel by solvent.
This wellestablished, remarkable hydrometallurgical achievement fills an important role in our technical ability to extract copper in an efficient and costeffective way. About 80 % of primary copper production comes from lowgrade or poor sulfide ores. Hence in this study experiments on separation of copper and nickel by solvent extraction have been performed using a modified aldoxime lix 664n as the extractant. Reaction of the ore over quite a long time and on a huge scale with a dilute acid such as dilute sulphuric acid to produce a very dilute copper ii sulphate solution. Copper recovery using leachsolvent extraction electrowinning. Traditional processing systems for crud separation result in very high losses of solvents and elevated operating costs. Copper solvent extraction has been adapted to deal with the leach liquors from a. Copper can be extracted from nonsulphide ores by a different process involving three separate stages.
Sx circuit configuration extraction stage the ammonium leach liquor, with the copper removed, was the feed to the solvent extraction circuit. Solvent extraction applied to the recovery of heavy metals. Solvent extraction article about solvent extraction by the. Solvent extraction and electrowinning sxew is a twostage hydrometallurgical process that first extracts and upgrades copper ions from lowgrade leach solutions into a solvent containing a chemical that selectively reacts with and binds the copper in the solvent. Hydrometallurgy conference 2009, the southern african institute of mining and metallurgy, 2008. The objective is to merge two aspects of a successful project.
Although cyanex302 presents a good extraction potential due to its strong coordination ability with metal ions, the separation of cuii and coii in the ammoniacal media is very difficult. State of the art and future directions in solvent extraction 2007 proceedings of the fourth international solvent extraction workshop 2007 niagara falls, ontario, canada page 2 workshop agenda based on the information received by the participants, the following was the order of discussions. In the case of copper sx, the exchange is typically achieved by an oximebased chelating mechanism. It was found out that for nickel extraction, the percentage of extraction increased with increase in acetate ion concentration 0. Copper can be extracted from nonsulfide ores by a different process involving three separate stages. Abstract after near 70 years of practical usage, solvent extraction is a perfectly mastered technique of separation, widely used. The solvent wet meal is fed through a vapor tight conveyor into desolventiser toaster equipped with special level controllers. Various parameters for the extraction and separation of copper and zinc such as effect of ph, extractant concentration, phase ratio etc. Growing role of solvent extraction in copper ores processing article pdf available in fizykochemiczne problemy mineralurgii 4242.
Recovery of gold, silver, palladium, and copper from waste. Copper solvent extraction technology consists of two circuits connected by a common organic phase. The concentration of ore is required and it is done by the froth flotation method. Solvent extraction although solvent extraction as a method of separation has long been known to the chemists, only in recent years it has achieved recognition among analysts as a powerful separation technique. Metals such as cu, ni, co and zn occur in ammonia systems as a cationic amminacomplexes. She is a coauthor of extractive metallurgy of copper 5th ed. The copper is then further refined and cast into moulds platinum metals rev. Oximes and bdiketone extractants have been extensively studied and applied commercially in the extraction of copper from acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions 1,2,19,21,26,31. Solvent extraction of copper from chloride solution i. Solvent extraction process solvent extraction, as applied to hydrometallurgy, is a unit operation for the purification and concentration of a wide variety of metals. The predominant type of motor employed in a process plant is the ac induction motor, converting on average 7080% of electrical power to mechanical energy. The other 20% is produced by heap leaching solvent extraction electrowinning of oxide, and chalcocite ores. Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. P280 wear eye protection, face protection, protective clothing, protective gloves.
Solvent extraction is now a very wellestablished process. Solvent extraction sx reagent selection 285 1 the copper dissolution reaction can be described in two stages. Separation of copper ii with solvent extraction using. T et al, the successful commercial implementation of the combined leach ion exchange solvent extraction electrowinning process at the bucim copper project, alta 2015 conference, may 2015, perth, australia. The results show that lix984 has a higher selectivity for copper than for iron, zinc and other metals, and has the copper. In the case of copper, for example, the solvent loss is between 2 and 10 kg per tonne of copper produced. Solvent extraction of copper ii cuii from aqueous solutions by organic solvent composing of lauric acid. Copper leaching, solvent extraction, and electrowinning. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Included in this report is background information regarding the kinsevere project, the principles and processes involved in solvent extraction and electrowinning for copper extraction, and the electrical connection scheme.
This solution, known as pregnant liquor, is recovered and then contacted with an organic solvent, referred to as the extractant, in the solvent extraction stage sx. The tricanter can divide crud up into its constituents in one working step. Micofluidic solvent extraction of copper from malachitechalcopyrite mineral leach solution. Flowsheet considerations for copper cobalt projects. The challenges to conventional solvent extraction posed by leach liquors from. Basf produces a complete line of copper solvent extraction. Chemistry of copper solvent extraction liquid liquid extraction involves the selective transfer of a substance between two immiscible liquid phases by controlling the relative solubility in each phase. As a result, above 20% of world copper production is currently achieved from heap leachingsx operations of oxide copper ores. Pdf this paper is the final report on design and optimization of copper solvent extraction configurations. Solvent extraction applied to mixed copper and zinc bearing. A mechanism for solvent extraction of first row transition. Diaz this paper was published in the proceedings of copper 2010 vol. Extraction solvent safety data sheet according to federal register vol. Modem diluents receive extensive quality control to ensure high.
After enrichment steps, the copper concentrates are usually treated by pyrometallurgical methods. The acid depleted solution containing 35 gl cu and 30 gl zn was used for further experiments to separate and recover copper and zinc. Pdf although the first largescale application of copper recovery by solvent extraction took place. Charlesworth marthc kuqtenhurg refiners ik limited, roston, england to extract the platinum group metals from ore, and to refine them to the very high purity required for their many applications. Copper solvent extraction, dynamic simulation, first principles modeling, mixersettler. Trends covered are fiberreinforced plastic construction mixer box and settler designs, reverse flow settlers, and advanced mixer design. Study of the extraction liquidliquid of copper ii inthe. Oxime formulations can be tailored to meet individual customer requirements and are suitable for a wide range of leach solutions. Reaction of the ore over quite a long time and on a huge scale with a dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid to produce a very dilute copper ii sulfate solution.
This volume recognizes the growing role of solvent extraction and electrowinning technology in the world copper business. Beneficiation by froth flotation of ore to give copper concentrate. The problems related to the separation of undesirable and toxic metals are also discussed. Pdf design and optimization of copper solvent extraction. Copper recovery using leach solvent extraction electrowinning technology. A technique, also called liquid extraction, for separating the components of a liquid solution. Preconcentration and separation of copper ii with solvent extraction using n,n. Our range of solvent extraction reagents are produced at our state of art facility. Recovery of copper from alkaline glycine leach solution. Solvent extraction of copper and zinc from bioleaching. Separation of copper ii with solvent extraction using lauric acid diluted in benzene h. The commonest ore used in the extraction of copper is chalcopyrite cufes 2 also known as copper pyrites and other such sulfides. She regularly presents accredited continuing professional development training courses, many of which focus on hydrometallurgy of copper.
Present and possible future uses of amine extractantsneutral or solvating type extractantsorganic acid extractantsreagents in development, goldgold extractionsolvent extraction diluentshow does solvent extraction work an increasing demand for metals in general, and higher purity metals in particular, decreasing ore grades and more stringent environmental regulations have driven, and will continue to. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The influence of this parameter on the co extraction of copper and nickel was studied over the ph range of 7 to 9, by using equal volume of the aqueous and organic phase 10% vv lix 984n, equilibrated for 20 min at room temperature. Copper recovery by solvent extraction has progressed from a technology with limited application for copper recovery from dilute sulfuric acid leach solution to a technology with broad application for copper recovery from a variety of leach solutions. This study was conducted as part of the development of a novel process for copper recovery from chalcopyrite by chloride leaching, simultaneous cuprous oxidation and cupric solvent extraction to transfer copper to a conventional sulfate electrowinning circuit, and hematite precipitation to reject iron. Centrifuges for solvent extraction and crud processing. Solvent extraction of zinc has been successfully applied on several industrial plants using the. A multidisciplinary experiment for advanced undergraduate students has been developed in the context of extractive metallurgy. Chapter 6 copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory smelter were adapted to porphyry copper ores.
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